Abstract
Tsusensan is the Japanese word for an oral anesthetic made from herbs that was developed by the famous Japanese surgeon Seishu Hanaoka (1760-1835). Seishu studied the work of the legendary Chinese doctor Houa T'o (died 208). His discovery of the first Chinese anesthetic inspired Seishu to develop his own mixture of Chinese and Japanese herbs, which he would boil in water and alcohol and administer to his surgical patients. Seishu succeeded in discovering an anesthetic some 40 years before Western surgeons began to operate on patients who had been anesthetized through oral inhalation of nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, ether, and chloroform.
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