Abstract
As democratization did not accompany modernization in the 19th century, Japan lacked autonomous publics and this affected the growth of public relations (PR). The first public relations department in Japanese corporations dates back to the 1920s at South Manchurian Railroad. After World War II, the US introduced the concept of public relations to national and local governments. As Japan’s economy grew, public relations (known as kouhou) expanded its field in areas such as marketing, customer relations, CSR, crisis management and investor relations. However, the national public relations industry and education provision remain relatively small, compared with other professional activities. Public relations in corporations may still not be an established profession.KeywordshistoryJapankouhoupublic relationsSouth Manchurian Railroad
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