Japan's ODA and the WCD Recommendations: Applicability of Comprehensive Options Assessment in JICA Development Studies

Abstract

The paper examines the applicability of the recommendations made by the World Commission on Dams (WCD) in the context of Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA). The WCD recommendations are desirable and can be used to solve some of the social and environmental problems associated with the construction of large dams. However, it is difficult to apply them to Japanese ODA projects unless further methodological and institutional developments are made. Special attention is given here to the issue of “comprehensive options assessment,” which is to be applied to development studies (pre-feasibility and feasibility studies) conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). In reviewing the WCD recommendations, the authors identify some strengths and weaknesses of the proposed strategic priority of “comprehensive options assessment.” After empirically analyzing the 65 reports on feasibility studies for dam construction projects conducted by the JICA during the period from 1975 to 2001, the authors argue that the policy and institutional settings for Japan's ODA impede, rather than promote, “comprehensive options assessment.” Some policy implications for Japan's ODA are drawn from the analysis.