Abstract
Numerous public men, the most informed of their day, were surprised by Japan's sudden turn toward a war course in late 1903 and early 1904, noting the more measured and pacific vision that had generally pervaded Japanese policy after the Sino-Japanese war. Japan's increasing use of the open door rhetoric, an international principle invoked as a justification for war, must be viewed. This language signalled an open, but unofficial, shift in sympathies as America joined Japan and England in favor of the Open Door and against Russia's unwarranted military occupation of Manchuria. This chapter reviews some of the recent research conducted in Japan that supports this point of view, while also presenting Ogawa Heikichi's role in the propagation of an international law justification for war. Keywords: America; Anglo-Japanese alliance; Great Britain; Japan; Ogawa Heikichi; Russia; Russo-Japanese war; Sino-Japanese war
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