Abstract
The high cytotoxicity of the secondary metabolites of mycotoxins is capable of killing microbes and tumour cells alike, similarly to the genotoxic effect characteristic of Janus-faced molecules. The “double-edged sword” effect of several cytotoxins is known, and these agents have, therefore, been utilized only reluctantly against fungal infections. In this review, consideration was given to (a) toxins that could be used against plant and human pathogens, (b) animal models that measure the effect of antifungal agents, (c) known antifungal agents that have been described and efficiently prevent the growth of fungal cells, and (d) the chemical interactions that are characteristic of antifungal agents. The utilization of apoptotic effects against tumour growth by agents that, at the same time, induce mutations may raise ethical issues. Nevertheless, it deserves consideration despite the mutagenic impact of Janus-faced molecules for those patients who suffer from plant pathogenic fungal infections and are older than their fertility age, in the same way that the short-term cytotoxicity of cancer treatment is favoured over the long-term mutagenic effect.
Highlights
(1→3)-D-glucanaemia in deep mycosis [99]. This test could be useful in immunocompromised patients, including those infected with plant pathogenic fungi, such as fusariosis or aspergillosis
The most frequently occurring pathogenic fungal infections are difficult to treat because patients are immunosuppressed and resistant to antifungal agents [24,104]
Gentamicin B1 was more efficient against Fusarium, Aspergillus, Microsporum, and Cryptococcus species than other established antifungal agents, such as clotrimazole, amphotericin B, nystatin, or griseofulvin
Summary
Mycotoxins are carcinogenic toxins that are produced by many Aspergillus and Penicillium species growing on food commodities [21]. It seemed unrealistic to treat saprophytes and plant pathogenic fungi with expensive antifungal agents, such as antibiotics. The most frequently occurring lethal infection is astion is aspergillosis, especially in neutropenic patients with hematologic [22]. Experiments related to the antifungal activity of antibiotics against plant fungi were carried out in the. Major fractions the retrospective evaluation of gentamicins against Fusarium species [24]. The G418 readthrough inducer was reported to counteract the effects of nonsense mutations [26,27]. Fused/condensed aromatic rings, consisting of monocyclic rings and sharing their connecting bonds, deserve even more attention as potential cytotoxic agents
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