Abstract
Abstract The eponymous site of the Jankovichian industry was found at the Öreg kő cliff, in the northern part of the Transdanubia, Western Hungary. From the thick layer complex of the Jankovich cave, however, only 104 lithics were collected and the scarce data showed that the pieces belong to several archaeological entities. At the same time, the nearly total lack of the field documentation allowed the reconstruction of the stratigraphic position of each artefact only in a few cases. The stratigraphic integrity is missing from the archaeological material of the Kiskevély and Szelim caves as well as the Csákvár rock shelter, and according to the recent evaluations the bifacial tools from the Dzeravá skála (Pálffy cave) and Lovas belong to the Micoquian and the Late Palaeolithic period. In this paper we analyse the following three assemblages, excavated after World War II in Transdanubia: the Pilisszántó rock shelter II, the Bivak and the Remete Felső caves. The chronological, basically, bio-stratigraphic data known from these layers are also evaluated. The conclusion of the study is that (1) the chronological data of the studied sites do not permit to place the archaeological occupation of each cave into the Early Würm or to the Late Middle Palaeolithic period and (2) the validity of a distinct Jankovichian industry cannot be proved.
Highlights
In this paper we analyse the following three assemblages, excavated after World War II in Transdanubia: the Pilisszántó rock shelter II, the Bivak and the Remete Felső caves
The eponymous site of the Jankovichian industry was found at the Öreg kő cliff, in the northern part of the Transdanubia, Western Hungary
The stratigraphic integrity is missing from the archaeological material of the Kiskevély and Szelim caves as well as the Csákvár rock shelter, and according to the recent evaluations the bifacial tools from the Dzeravá skála (Pálffy cave) and Lovas belong to the Micoquian and the Late Pa laeolithic period
Summary
Of the Transdanubian Seletian/Jankovichian sites very few or no stratigraphic information is available from the Jankovich, Kiskevély, Szelim and Csákvár caves, while the recent evaluation led to the conclu sion that the open-air site of Lovas and the Pálffy/Dzeravá skála cave belong to different, Late Palaeolithic and Micoquian industry. These observations raised the question of the validity of the term ‘Jankovichian’. 45 E.g. in the case of the allegedly shouldered point from layer 4: Lengyel et al 2016, 177, Fig. 4,9. 45 E.g. in the case of the allegedly shouldered point from layer 4: Lengyel et al 2016, 177, Fig. 4,9. – cf. Markó 2016, 24, Fig. 12, 1, note 8
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