Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) promises unprecedented data rates for next-generation wireless systems. To be practically viable, mmWave massive MU-MIMO basestations (BSs) must rely on low-resolution data converters which leaves them vulnerable to jammer interference. This paper proposes beam-slicing, a method that mitigates the impact of a permanently transmitting jammer during uplink transmission for BSs equipped with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Beam-slicing is a localized analog spatial transform that focuses the jammer energy onto few ADCs, so that the transmitted data can be recovered based on the outputs of the interference-free ADCs. We demonstrate the efficacy of beam-slicing in combination with two digital jammer-mitigating data detectors: SNIPS and CHOPS. Soft-Nulling of Interferers with Partitions in Space (SNIPS) combines beam-slicing with a soft-nulling data detector that exploits knowledge of the ADC contamination; projeCtion onto ortHOgonal complement with Partitions in Space (CHOPS) combines beam-slicing with a linear projection that removes all signal components co-linear to an estimate of the jammer channel. Our results show that beam-slicing enables SNIPS and CHOPS to successfully serve 65% of the user equipments (UEs) for scenarios in which their antenna-domain counterparts that lack beam-slicing are only able to serve 2% of the UEs.

Highlights

  • N EXT-GENERATION wireless communication systems are expected to rely on the vast, unused bandwidth available at millimeter-wave frequencies in order to meet the ever-growing demand for higher data rates

  • We demonstrate the efficacy of beam-slicing by comparing Soft-Nulling of Interferers with Partitions in Space (SNIPS) and CHOPS with two baselines that differ from SNIPS and CHOPS only in lacking analog beam-slicing

  • We have proposed a novel method to mitigate strong jamming attacks in mmWave massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)) BSs relying on low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

N EXT-GENERATION wireless communication systems are expected to rely on the vast, unused bandwidth available at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies in order to meet the ever-growing demand for higher data rates. Previous works [6]–[15] have analyzed the impact of different types of jamming attacks on massive MU-MIMO systems and proposed mitigation methods based on digital equalization None of these works take into consideration the compounding challenge of low-resolution data conversion: A jammer can either saturate low-resolution ADCs or (if gain-control is used) widen their quantization range, which inevitably drowns the useful signals in quantization noise. In this setting, both POS and IAN suffer an error floor as high as 2% BER, even when furnished with perfect knowledge of the jammer channel. Our system simulations explicitly model the effects of low-resolution quantization, whilst our beam-slicing methods, SNIPS and CHOPS, take into consideration such coarse quantization by using Bussgang’s decomposition [32], [33]

NOTATION
PROPAGATION MODEL
JAMMER INTERFERENCE ESTIMATION
INTERFERENCE-REMOVING DATA DETECTION
RESULTS
SIMULATION SETUP AND PERFORMANCE METRICS
CONCLUSION
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