JAK3/STAT5b/PPARγ Pathway Mediates the Association between Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure and Lipid Metabolic Disorder in Chinese Adolescent Students.

Abstract

Our previous studies found that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) could disorder lipid metabolism in adolescents but the mechanisms underlying this association remained unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the mediating effect of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ on disorder lipid levels induced by DEHP in adolescents. We recruited 478 adolescent students (median age 18.1 years). The mRNA expression and DNA methylation levels of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ were detected by real-time PCR and the MethylTarget, respectively. We used multiple linear regression to analyze the association between DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP, MCMHP, and ΣDEHP) levels, mRNA expression, and DNA methylation levels. The mediating effect of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ mRNA expression levels was examined by mediation analysis. We found that all DEHP metabolite levels were positively correlated with TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C (P < 0.05). The MEOHP level was negatively associated with DNA methylation levels and positively associated with mRNA levels of PPARγ and STAT5b (P < 0.05). The MEHP level was negatively associated with the DNA methylation level and positively associated with the mRNA level of JAK3 (P < 0.05). Higher MEOHP was associated with a higher level of TC/HDL-C, the mediation analysis showed the mediation effect was 17.18% for the JAK3 level, 10.76% for the STAT5b level, and 11% for the PPARγ level. Higher MEHP was associated with a higher level of LDL-C/HDL-C, the mediation effect was 14.49% for the JAK3 level. In conclusion, DEHP metabolites decreased the DNA methylation levels, inducing the increase of the mRNA levels of JAK3/STAT5/PPARγ. In addition, the mRNA levels mediated the association between DEHP exposure and disorder lipid levels.