Abstract
The interplay of the electron transfer integral and lattice elastic energy in ${A}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\text{CoO}}_{3}$ is investigated by neutron diffraction and the pair density function analysis. By effectively widening the bandwidth with Ca, Sr, and Ba substitutions at the $A$ site, evidence for the stability of the intermediate-spin (IS) configuration through the formation of static local Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions is provided. When the critical radius exceeds $\ensuremath{\sim}1.22\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$, spin activated JT polarons are formed in the absence of long-range magnetic ordering. JT polarons are prevalent in crystals with Sr and Ba but not in those with Ca. In the metallic and magnetically ordered phase, the static signature of the distortions is absent, suggesting that the IS state may be dynamically shared between ${\text{Co}}^{3+}$ and ${\text{Co}}^{4+}$ ions.
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