Abstract
The aim of the article is to present the opportunities and threats resulting from the implementation of voting via the Internet (i-voting) and to discuss the conditions for effective implementation of this alternative voting procedure on the example of Estonia and Switzerland. Estonia is the only country in the world where i-voting is widely used. In Switzerland, on the other hand, this voting method has been used most often, although its use has been suspended for several years due to legal, infrastructural and political problems. What are the conditions for successfully implementing Internet voting? The attempt to answer this research question was possible thanks to the use of the following research methods: comparative, formal-dogmatic, behavioral and modified historical method. The key conclusion is that the implementation of i-voting must be preceded by many years of political, legal, infrastructural and social activities, and that the created system must be as transparent as possible.
Highlights
Technological progress and the resulting socio-economic changes mean that a new type of society and democracy are being shaped before our eyes
The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), enabling the processing, collection and transmission of information, has led to an information revolution, the result of which is that information is nowadays more valuable than most tangible goods
The Internet has become an inseparable part of our lives, providing entertainment, being a work tool, and access to it has become an inseparable element of a democratic state of law, as it supports the participation of citizens in socio-political life and fosters the development of civil society (United Nations General Assembly, 2016)
Summary
Technological progress and the resulting socio-economic changes mean that a new type of society and democracy are being shaped before our eyes. The Swiss Confederation, being a federal state, has a very decentralized political system in which, on the basis of the Federal Law on Political Rights, individual cantons are responsible for all activities related to the implementation of elections and referenda (even nationwide) This means that it is up to the sovereign decision of the Länder to decide whether they will allow Internet voting. The introduction of i-voting was accompanied by intensive implementation and development of e-services, popularizing access to the Internet, conducting numerous social projects supporting citizens’ digital skills and building public confidence in the new form of voting. Self-verification of identity with PIN1* of the ID Entering a mobile number by voter card
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