Южная окраина Фанагории в IV–I вв. до н. э.:  некоторые итоги и проблемы исследований

Abstract

The article is a review of materials obtained during excavations on the southern outskirts of Phanagoria in 1951–1964 and 1979–1991 (intermittently). The author paid attention to the history of this area of the city after its accession to the Bosporus state at the end of the 5th century BC and up to the turn of a new era. Analysis of these materials made it possible to make a number of conclusions. Some time after the destruction of buildings in the southern district of the city at the end of the 5th century BC full-blooded city life is being restored here. Along with residential buildings, apparently blocked quarters in separated by a street network, public buildings are functioning here. The normal urban life of this area continues from the 4th century BC until the middle of the 1st century BC. In the 3rd century BC the city’s defensive walls were restored.The construction of new defensive walls in Phanagoreia may have been linked to the deterioration of the military and political situation in the region, but of course this construction was sanctioned by the king’ government. In the middle of the 1st century BC buildings on the southern outskirts of Phanagoreia were destroyed as a result of the siege of the city by the king Pharnakes (App. Mithr. 113, 120). Polis again lost not only freedom and independence, but also the walls that protected the city from enemies. The purpose of this action of Pharnakes was similar to the idea of Satire I, who won Phanagoreia three and half centuries ago: to suppress the separatist aspirations of the citizens of the polis. At the same time, the street network ceased to function. In the second half of the 1st century BC, traces of urban life in the area are traced locally. From the turn of the new era, this territory of Phanagoreia (about 12 AD it was renamed in Agrippeia) is a wasteland outside the city limits. In the eastern part of this area is formed a quarter of potters, the furnaces of which functioned until the 4th century or a little longer.