Abstract
Association between the gut mycobiome and atopic dermatitis was investigated in 9–12-month-old infants using metagenomics. Two groups of atopic dermatitis infants were classified according to their symptom development as outgrown (recovered) and persisted (still undergoing). The evenness and diversity of the mycobiome in the persisted group were higher than in the healthy and outgrown groups. Dysbiosis of the microbiome in the persisted group was observed by a reduction in the Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio. Five fungi were selected as markers from each sample group. In the persisted group, Rhodotorula sp. abundance increased significantly, while Wickerhamomyces sp. and Kodamaea sp. abundance increased in the healthy group, and Acremonium sp. and Rhizopus sp. abundance increased considerably in the outgrown group. Metaproteomic analysis revealed that the persisted group had a high abundance of fungal proteins, particularly those from Rhodotorula sp. Unique proteins such as RAN-binding protein 1 and glycerol kinase from Rhodotorula sp. were hypothesized to be related to atopic dermatitis manifestation in infants.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent, chronic skin inflammation that has a high prevalence in infants
It is thought to be a gateway of the atopic march, a sequence of allergic symptoms that often develops during infancy
The association between gut mycobiome and atopic dermatitis development was investigated in infants using metagenomics and metaproteomic technology
Summary
Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent, chronic skin inflammation that has a high prevalence in infants. Association between the gut microbiome and atopic dermatitis was previously reported, with the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria positively correlated to milder symptoms [13] and reduction of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii linked with manifestation [14]. These findings improved the understanding of how gut microorganisms affect atopic dermatitis. Kingkaw et al [28] recently investigated the microbial community composition of the human gut to identify different key proteins playing metabolic functional roles in the microbiome of healthy infants and infants with atopic dermatitis. PCR (q-PCR) platform was used as an alternative detection method for the causes of atopic dermatitis
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