“It’s up to me”: the experience of patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease of lifestyle change

Abstract

Objective Despite knowledge of the effect of lifestyle changes in preventing cardiovascular disease, a large proportion of people have unhealthy lifestyle habits. The aim of our study is a) to explore the experiences of participants at high risk of CVD of lifestyle change after participation in a one-year structured lifestyle counselling programme and b) to link the techniques and strategies used by the participants to the processes of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change (TTM). Design A qualitative explorative design was used to collect data on participants’ experiences. An abductive content analysis was conducted using the processes within TTM for the deductive analysis. Setting Patients that participated in a one-year lifestyle counselling programme in Swedish primary care, were interviewed. Subjects Eight men and eight women, aged 51–75 years, diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Main outcome measures Experiences of lifestyle change in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Results The analysis yielded four dimensions that assisted lifestyle change: ‘The value of knowledge’, ‘Taking control’, ‘Gaining trust in oneself’ and ‘Living with a chronic condition’. The theme ‘It’s up to me’ illustrated that lifestyle change was a personal matter and responsibility. Conclusion Enhanced knowledge, self-efficacy, support from others and the individual’s insight that it was his/her own decisions and actions that mattered were core factors to adopt healthier lifestyle habits. Practice Implications: Although lifestyle change is a personal matter, the support provided by primary healthcare professionals and significant others is essential to increase self-efficacy and motivate lifestyle change. Key Points A large proportion of people persist to have unhealthy lifestyle habits also after receiving a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, type 2. This study contributes to enhanced knowledge of how patients experience lifestyle change after counselling in primary care. Both experiential and behavioural processes as defined by the transtheoretical model of behaviour change were used to make lifestyle changes by the patients in this study.