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Abstract
BackgroundCantaloupe is susceptible to cold stress when it is stored at low temperatures, resulting in the loss of edible and commercial quality. To ascertain the molecular mechanisms of low temperatures resistance in cantaloupe, a cold-sensitive cultivar, Golden Empress-308 (GE) and a cold-tolerant cultivar, Jia Shi-310 (JS), were selected in parallel for iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis.ResultsThe two kinds of commercial cultivars were exposed to a temperature of 0.5 °C for 0, 12 and 24 days. We found that the cold-sensitive cultivar (GE) suffered more severe damage as the length of the cold treatment increased. Proteomic analysis of both cultivars indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) changed remarkably during the chilly treatment. JS expressed cold-responsive proteins more rapidly and mobilized more groups of proteins than GE. Furthermore, metabolic analysis revealed that more amino acids were up-regulated in JS during the early phases of low temperatures stress. The DEPs we found were mainly related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, structural proteins, reactive oxygen species scavenging, amino acids metabolism and signal transduction. The consequences of phenotype assays, metabolic analysis and q-PCR validation confirm the findings of the iTRAQ analysis.ConclusionWe found that the prompt response and mobilization of proteins in JS allowed it to maintain a higher level of cold tolerance than GE, and that the slower cold responses in GE may be a vital reason for the severe chilling injury commonly found in this cultivar. The candidate proteins we identified will form the basis of future studies and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cold tolerance in cantaloupe.
Highlights
Cantaloupe is susceptible to cold stress when it is stored at low temperatures, resulting in the loss of edible and commercial quality
Cold stress resulted in increases in relative electrolyte leakage (REL) in both cultivars during 12 days of storage, which was higher in Golden Empress-308 (GE) than in Jia Shi-310 (JS), but the RELs of both cultivars decreased after 24 days of storage (Fig. 1b)
The results indicated that the expression patterns of five of the nine genes (55.56%) in GE and six of the nine genes (66.67%) in JS were consistent with the Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) data, suggesting that these independent evaluations revealed a reliability of the iTRAQ data [21]
Summary
Cantaloupe is susceptible to cold stress when it is stored at low temperatures, resulting in the loss of edible and commercial quality. As a major environmental stress, chilly stress affects plant growth and triggers a series of changes in many physiological and molecular processes [5]. It results in electrolyte leakage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as changes in the levels. The accumulation of ROS may result in oxidative stress, which damages the plant plasma membrane, decreases enzyme activity, and inhibits the rates of photosynthesis and protein processing [11, 12]. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems participate in ROS scavenging to protect plant cells from oxidative damage [14]
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