Abstract
BackgroundIn the assisted reproduction, the infertile molecules of spermatozoa from normozoospermic men who underwent the unexplained failure of in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to the lack of sperm binding to the normal zona pellucida, and then achieved pregnancy with the rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI) remain unclear. More works are still necessary to explore this male infertile mechanism.MethodsNormozoospermicmen with the IVF pregnancy and normozoospermic men with the R-ICSI pregnancy after the conventional IVF failure were collected. iTRAQ-based proteomic approach were performed to reveal the new infertile causes between the IVF pregnancy men and the R-ICSI pregnancy men. To validate the confidence of proteome data, the individual samples were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Further, the spontaneous acrosome reactions were measured to evaluate the sperm quality.ResultsCompared with IVF pregnancy group, 56 sperm proteins were differentially expressed in the R-ICSI pregnancy group. Bioinformatic analyses (PANTHER, DAVID, PubMed and STRING) indicated these altered sperm proteins were involved in various molecular functions: reproduction, chromosome organization, and sperm-oocyte interaction. Moreover, the confidence of proteome data was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence using the individual samples, which were consistent with our proteomic data. Additionally, an increased rate of the spontaneous acrosome reaction rate was found in the R-ICSI pregnancy group.ConclusionsThe sealtered sperm proteins and the increased spontaneous acrosome reaction rate might account for this unexplained male infertility in the R-ICSI pregnancy patients. The present proteomic results will throw light on the better understanding of the unexplained infertile mechanisms underlying these normozoospermic man who achieved R-ICSI pregnancy after IVF failure.
Highlights
In the assisted reproduction, the infertile molecules of spermatozoa from normozoospermic men who underwent the unexplained failure of in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to the lack of sperm binding to the normal zona pellucida, and achieved pregnancy with the rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI) remain unclear
The statistical analysis showed no differences of these reproductive parameters between the IVF pregnancy group and the R-ICSI pregnancy group (Table 1)
Considering the subsequently successful clinical pregnancy and the phenotype with a dramatical decrease of sperm binding to the zona pellucida, male factor was the cause of failed fertilization at IVF, instead of their female partners (Fig. 1)
Summary
The infertile molecules of spermatozoa from normozoospermic men who underwent the unexplained failure of in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to the lack of sperm binding to the normal zona pellucida, and achieved pregnancy with the rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI) remain unclear. The etiology of male infertility is still unclear, ICSI is an effective treatment for man with severe infertility. IVF is used for men with normal semen parameters. In the conventional IVF, a few normozoospermic men experience unexplained fertilization failures with a significant decrease of sperm binding to the zona pellucid [1, 2]. Considering the normal maturity, number, and quality of retrieved oocytes, male factors might be the major infertile causes, which has been called ‘hidden’ male factor infertility [3]
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