Abstract
By comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from the derivatives (UC 1110 × PI 610750) in the F10 recombinant inbred line population which differed in cold-tolerance, altogether 223 proteins with significantly altered abundance were identified. The comparison of 10 cold-sensitive descendant lines with 10 cold-tolerant descendant lines identified 140 proteins that showed decreased protein abundance, such as the components of the photosynthesis apparatus and cell-wall metabolism. The identified proteins were classified into the following main groups: protein metabolism, stress/defense, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, RNA metabolism, energy production, cell-wall metabolism, membrane and transportation, and signal transduction. Results of quantitative real-time PCR of 20 differentially accumulated proteins indicated that the transcriptional expression patterns of 10 genes were consistent with their protein expression models. Virus-induced gene silencing of Hsp90, BBI, and REP14 genes indicated that virus-silenced plants subjected to cold stress had more severe drooping and wilting, an increased rate of relative electrolyte leakage, and reduced relative water content compared to viral control plants. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes of virus-silenced plants were destroyed more severely than those of viral control plants. These results indicate that Hsp90, BBI, and REP14 potentially play vital roles in conferring cold tolerance in bread wheat.
Highlights
Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, as it adversely affects the growth and development of plants and significantly constrains the spatial distribution of plants and agricultural productivity[1]
In order to exclude the difference of genetic background between two independent cultivars/lines, two mixed pools cold-sensitive pool (CSP) and cold-tolerant pool (CTP) from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were used to identify proteome profiles via multiplex Isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic and Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS methods
The functions of the differentially accumulated proteins were categorized into several main groups based on their Gene Ontology (GO) annotations (Additional file 4), including protein metabolism (51, 22.9%), stress/defense (41, 18.4%), photosynthesis (38, 17.0%), carbohydrate metabolism (15, 6.7%), lipid metabolism (5, 2.2%), sulfur metabolism (2, 0.90%), nitrogen metabolism (2, 0.90%), RNA metabolism (6, 2.7%), energy production (4, 1.8%), cell wall metabolism (2, 0.9%), membrane and transportation (19, 8.5%), signal transduction (6, 2.7%), other metabolic processes (10, 4.5%) and unknown biological processes (22, 9.9%) (Additional Table S2 and Fig. 2A)
Summary
Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, as it adversely affects the growth and development of plants and significantly constrains the spatial distribution of plants and agricultural productivity[1]. Many overwintering plants, including important crop species such as wheat, rye, and barley, are capable of adapting to low (but not freezing) temperatures (LT) via precise reprogramming of gene expression, e.g., transcription factors, chaperones, metabolic enzymes, late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins, dehydrins, and antioxidative enzymes[5, 6]. This process of acquiring freezing tolerance is known as cold acclimation (CA)[7, 8]. A better understanding of the cold-tolerance mechanisms in bread wheat via proteomic discovery of these candidate proteins could produce a wide range of benefits in wheat breeding program
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