ITP in pregnancy: use of the bleeding time as an indicator for treatment.

Abstract

ITP is a relatively common disorder seen in pregnancy. Current recommendations for management of patient with ITP recommend maintaining the platelet count above 50 x 10(9)/L and the bleeding time less than 20 min. It has been well documented that the bleeding time in ITP is disproportionately shortened in many patients relative to the platelet count. We present a prospective study of 24 ITP patients in whom the bleeding time was used as an indicator for therapeutic intervention in pregnancy. Indications for therapy with prednisone and/or intravenous gammaglobulin were the following: significant clinical hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia; bleeding time of greater than 20 min at the baseline platelet count; for normalization of hemostasis prior to delivery or surgical procedure. Caesarean section was performed only in cases in which there were obstetrical indications for this mode of delivery or when the fetal platelet count (obtained by fetal scalp vein sample) was less than 50 x 10(9)/L. Of 24 patients with ITP, eight had significant thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 50 x 10(9)/L) throughout pregnancy. Only two patients required prolonged prednisone therapy. Both suffered side effects of chronic prednisone administration. Four patients were treated with prednisone for a short course (10-14 days) at term to improve hemostasis for delivery. One patient was treated with intravenous gammaglobulin at term in an effort to prevent severe neonatal thrombocytopenia. Seven patients required caesarean section; the remaining 17 patients underwent vaginal delivery. Only one minor bleeding complication was seen - a small wound hematoma post caesarean section. In summary, using the bleeding time as an indicator for therapeutic intervention, treatment of ITP in pregnancy can be minimized. Thus, therapy related toxicity can be avoided.