Itinerary: Clinical and Therapeutic Profile of Brain Tumors

Abstract

Introduction Brain tumors, defined by the abnormal proliferation of anaplastic cells within the brain meninges or cranial nerves, remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality despite advances in imaging techniques like MRI, PET, and SPECT, and neuro-oncological therapies. Histological types of these tumors vary by age. This study aims to outline the epidemiological and histological profiles of central nervous system (CNS) tumors at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, Morocco.  Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on patients treated at the radiotherapy department from November 2018 to October 2021. Parameters such as age, sex, primary clinical signs, tumor origin for secondary lesions, tumor location, and histological types were analyzed.  Results 182 cases of CNS tumors were recorded, with a median patient age of 43 years (range 8-73 years). Women represented 73.2% of the cases, and children made up 8.5% of the study population. The most common symptoms at diagnosis were headaches (68.3%), decreased visual acuity (28%), and nausea/vomiting (24.4%). Tumors were mostly located above the tentorium (80%). Of the tumors, 49% were secondary, primarily originating from the breast (58.6%) and lungs (46%). Glioblastoma was the most common primary tumor (39.1%), with a mortality rate of 55%. Multidisciplinary care is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by this serious prognosis.  Conclusion CNS tumors are uncommon in Morocco and are generally observed in adults, mainly secondary to breast cancer. Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary tumor. Effective multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to manage these complex cases.