Iterative learning-based many-objective history matching using deep neural network with stacked autoencoder

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative data-integration that uses an iterative-learning method, a deep neural network (DNN) coupled with a stacked autoencoder (SAE) to solve issues encountered with many-objective history matching. The proposed method consists of a DNN-based inverse model with SAE-encoded static data and iterative updates of supervised-learning data are based on distance-based clustering schemes. DNN functions as an inverse model and results in encoded flattened data, while SAE, as a pre-trained neural network, successfully reduces dimensionality and reliably reconstructs geo-models. The iterative-learning method can improve the training data for DNN by showing the error reduction achieved with each iteration step. The proposed workflow shows the small mean absolute percentage error below 4% for all objective functions, while a typical multi-objective evolutionary algorithm fails to significantly reduce the initial population uncertainty. Iterative learning-based many-objective history matching estimates the trends in water cuts that are not reliably included in dynamic-data matching. This confirms the proposed workflow constructs more plausible geo-models. The workflow would be a reliable alternative to overcome the less-convergent Pareto-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in the presence of geological uncertainty and varying objective functions.