Abstract
This article examines the evolving relationship between the women’s liberation movement and the underground press in Seattle between 1967 and 1970, arguing that the mixed-sex alternative media belatedly embraced feminist ideals but failed to establish robust feminist institutional cultures. Prior to 1969, the hierarchical work environment and masculine aesthetic of the Helix (1967–1970) proved inhospitable to feminist critiques. Beginning in 1969, the emergence of democratic work collectives and increasing coverage of feminism at the Helix and its successor, the Sabot (1970), provided the print space for radical women to organize and confront Movement men about toxic masculinity. By analyzing the relationship between women’s liberation and the underground press in Seattle, this article illuminates the ambivalent role of the underground press in applying feminist ideals to the cultural politics of the Movement in Seattle and nationwide.
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