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Abstract
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity is a global concern, increasing the risk of numerous non-communicable diseases and reducing quality of life. A healthy diet and exercise remain the cornerstone treatments for obesity. However, adherence rates can be low and the effectiveness of these interventions is often less than anticipated, due to compensatory changes in other aspects of the energy balance equation. Whilst some alternative weight-loss therapies are available, these strategies are often associated with side effects and are expensive. An alternative or adjunct to traditional weight-loss approaches may be the use of bioactive compounds extracted from food sources, which can be incorporated into habitual diet with a low cost and minimal burden. One product which has attracted attention in this regard is white kidney bean extract (WKBE), which has been suggested to inhibit the enzyme α-amylase, limiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption with small but potentially meaningful attendant beneficial effects on body weight and metabolic health. In this review, drawing evidence from both human and animal studies, we discuss the current evidence around the effects of WKBE on body composition and metabolic health. In addition, we discuss evidence on the safety of this supplement and explore potential directions for future research.
Highlights
The world is currently facing an obesity pandemic, with the global prevalence of this condition tripling since 1975 [1]
In a study performed in 60 weight-stable but overweight participants, a lower dose of white kidney bean extract (WKBE) (445 mg/day of Phase 2 Starch Neutralizer lV) consumed alongside a carbohydrate-rich diet was associated with significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, adipose tissue thickness and the waist:hip ratio whilst maintaining lean body mass when compared with the placebo—Celleno et al [49]
The findings from this study suggest that the incorporation of WKBE into foods may reduce the glycemic index when compared with capsules due to increased bioavailability, which has important clinical implications for the management of metabolic disorders, where blood glucose and insulin resistance are common
Summary
The world is currently facing an obesity pandemic, with the global prevalence of this condition tripling since 1975 [1]. The primary focus of obesity treatment is weight loss, which can be achieved by different strategies, including lifestyle (i.e., diet and exercise), pharmacological or surgical interventions [8,9]. Lifestyle interventions induce a negative energy balance by reducing energy intake (through dietary intervention) and/or increasing energy expenditure (through increased physical activity). The combination of dietary intervention and increased physical activity has been shown to have additive effects, reducing body weight and body fat and increasing fat-free mass compared with diet alone [10,11]. Interventions which can be used as an alternative or adjunct to traditional weight-loss strategies could be highly valuable to add to the ‘box of tools’ available to prevent or treat obesity In this regard, bioactive compounds extracted from food sources, which can be incorporated into habitual diet, have shown some promise. Positive features of these food extracts include that they are inexpensive, can be incorporated into habitual diet with a minimal burden and are typically associated with a low risk of adverse events
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