“It didn't bring back the old me but helped me on the path to the new me”: exploring posttraumatic growth in British veterans with PTSD

Abstract

Purpose This study explores the role of scuba diving therapy in growth experiences of ex-servicemen. Previous research has focused on difficulties arising from re-entering civilian life after deployment. Known mental health challenges occurring after severe combat related trauma exposure include depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, less is known about the potential positive transformation which can occur when individuals navigate these challenges. Known facilitators of this positive transformation, often referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG), are still sparse in this participant pool. Methods This study utilized an in-depth qualitative approach of interpretative phenomenological analysis utilizing semi-structured interviews. A homogeneous sample of five male British ex-service personnel with a diagnosis of PTSD who identified with PTG was recruited. Results All participants reported positive mental health benefits from diving with four themes emerging: human connection; meaningful leisure; embodiment; and the calm. Conclusions Scuba diving appeared to afford instant access to lasting relief of anxiety, stress, and symptoms of PTSD and reduction of physical symptoms of their trauma connected to underwater weightlessness. The reduction of PTSD symptoms carved space for PTG, facilitated through a meaningful leisure environment with opportunities for human connection with individuals who had gone through similar experiences. Implications for rehabilitation Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond less well to conventional treatments for PTSD than civilian populations. Scuba diving has the potential to benefit veterans by giving access to relief from anxiety and symptoms of PTSD, such as hypervigilance and invasive thoughts. Scuba diving not only reduces symptoms of physical and psychological ill health but can facilitate wellbeing and growth. Scuba diving, as a meaningful leisure activity, could potentially enhance medical and psychological therapy.