Abstract
Abstract Freud's game-like use of associations was intended to get his patients thinking laterally and not literally. Perls's use of the “empty chair” aimed to help his clients engage in “as if” scenarios, akin to the make-believe play of children. Yet, playfulness has lost ground over the years to the bullying forces of logic, language, and outcome-based measures that permeate our therapeutic field. In this article, the work of Gestalt play therapist Violet Oaklander is analyzed to provide a much-needed model of how play helps therapy become real for both adults and children.
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