Issues related to the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis (review)

Abstract

Although there is now much evidence that COPD is a more complex systemic disease than airway and lung disease, a comprehensive approach to early diagnosis and more accurate assessment of the disease is far from complete. The most common co-morbidities with COPD are cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, depression, anemia, etc. The problem of diagnosis and treatment of COPD patients with osteoporosis is currently topical and insufficiently studied. In this review the peculiarities of osteoporosis in COPD are considered: its prevalence, the influence of the severity of bronchial obstruction on the bone mineral density (BMD), clinical manifestations (frequency of vertebral body compression fractures (VBCF) and hip fractures), the influence of risk factors (glucocorticosteroids, low body weight, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, impaired lung ventilation, sedentary lifestyle, etc.) on the development of osteoporosis. Data of researches on studying bone formation markers and bone resorption in patients with COPD are given. Full understanding of the mechanisms of development, early diagnosis of osteoporosis in COPD patients will allow to choose the most effective therapeutic tactics, which will correspond to the modern concept of personalized medicine.