Abstract
The paper tackles the issues of data acquisition during the measuring of vibrations caused by the detonation of explosive charges in various types of works (blasting in mines, demolition works, tunneling). Depending on the placement of an explosive charge (a charge detonated on the surface or a charge placed in a hole), it triggers side effects in the form of mechanical vibrations, which are propagated in the environment and may pose a hazard to buildings. In the case of propagation in the air, there is an acoustic wave and an airblast wave. For the assessment analysis on the impact of vibrations on buildings, a ground-propagated signal is used, while what is propagated by air is a disturbance. Selected examples in the paper demonstrate how an acoustic wave and an airblast wave interferes with the signal recorded by geophones. Afterwards, the paper presents the results of the tests conducted at a training area, during which various masses of explosive charges placed in different ways were detonated. The examples demonstrate that this interference may lead to the misinterpretation of recorded measurements. This paper is the first of two papers that will present the results of research into this matter and the suggested resolutions in order to eliminate this interference.
Highlights
The use of explosive charges in a wide range of sectors of the economy is inherently associated with effects resulting from their detonation
The most common effects that may have a negative impact on the environment include flyrock, airblast waves [1], acoustic waves, and ground vibrations [2]
The results indicated that the vibrations recorded subsurface in the immediate vicinity of the building triggered an acoustic wave inside the building, while the pressure of the airblast wave had no impact on the newly created acoustic wave
Summary
The use of explosive charges in a wide range of sectors of the economy is inherently associated with effects resulting from their detonation. Waves, which propagate in different media (ground, water, air) at different speeds, occur especially when explosive charges are detonated on the surface or under a small cover, i.e., during engineering and demolition works (e.g., explosive metal cladding, demolition works using shaped charges, etc.) It can occur when blasting works in open-pit mines have been performed incorrectly (too small distance from an explosive charge in a blasthole to the nearest free or open face -burden, too short inter material used in the collar part of the blasthole to confine the gases from the detonation-stemming), or the location of the detonating explosive charges has not been examined sufficiently (caverns, zones with the lower burden—the crater effect) [10,11]. This issue is very important, notably when the measurements of an effect are made in close proximity to the location of the detonated explosive charge
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