Abstract
A brief description will be made of literacy materials and programs from 1945 to the present, so as to provide a historical perspective for some of the critical issues and dominant trends in early bilingual and multilingual literacy in Brazil. The history of early literacy in Brazil has been closely linked to that of the design and publication of primers. Some of the very first readers, or primers, were of Portuguese origin, dating from 1820, but Brazilian teachers often created their own materials. From 1945 to the present, hundreds of primers have been used in Brazilian elementary schools. In Sao Paulo State alone over 30 different primers were used in the mid-1940s.
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