Abstract
Isozyme inheritance and variation in Actinidia was investigated using 23 enzyme systems. Ten isozyme loci from six enzyme systems, Acp-2, Est, Prx-1, Prx-2, Prx-3, Prx-4, Prx-5, Pgi-2, Pgm-2 and Tpi, were found to be inherited as single Mendelian genes in families of two interspecific crosses. Disomic inheritance detected at 10 loci in progenies of a cross between the hexaploid A. deliciosa and the diploid A chinensis (Jingkui × Moshan no. 4) provided convincing evidence that A. deliciosa is an allohexaploid. Allelic segregation for tetrasomic inheritance at the 10 isozyme loci was demonstrated in the progenies of a cross between the tetraploid A. chinensis and the diploid A. eriantha, a result suggesting autoploid origin of the tetraploid A. chinensis, which apparently originated from its diploid ancestor A. chinensis. A high level of isozyme variation and heterozygosity was observed in the 22 cultivars and 56 plants from 28 Actinidia taxa. Allozyme phenotype can be used effectively for cultivar identification. The application of isozyme markers in the study of phylogeny could still be difficult in polyploids of natural populations in which estimations of gene frequencies are a prerequisite.
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