Abstract
The use of deuterium instead of hydrogen as the fuel gas in tokamak discharges improves the confinement of particles as well as of energy. This isotope effect is also observed in the edge plasma: The separatrix density is higher in hydrogen discharges compared to deuterium discharges and the separatrix temperature is slightly lower. Moreover, the total particle flux across the scrape-off layer surface is smaller in deuterium compared to hydrogen. All isotopic scalings are reduced, however, when going from carbonized to boronized wall conditions; additional heating yields further assimilation. Edge modelling has been successfully performed to explain this behaviour. The separatrix scaling derived from this model agrees reasonably well with a statistical analysis of a large database.
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