Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined the effect of low-dose thumb exertion on lymphocyte subpopulation trafficking. The potential role of blood lactate in mediating lymphocyte redistribution was also investigated. Methods: 27 male participants (18 weightlifting-trained; 9 untrained) were separated into 3 groups of 9 (Weightlifting and Untrained Experimental: WL EXP , UT EXP ; Weightlifting Placebo: WL PLA ). WL EXP and UT EXP performed 4x60 second isometric thumb intervals separated by 60 second rest intervals in a single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Participants were assessed over a 60 minute post-intervention recovery period for pain, blood lactate and lymphocyte subpopulation counts. Results: WL PLA did not change for any measured variable (p>0.05). The two experimentalgroups increased significantly (p 0.05). No differences in cell count were seen for CD56+/CD16+ lymphocytes across time for any group (p>0.05). UT EXP showed an early significant increase (20 min post-intervention) in CD4+CD3+ (20.78%, p 0.05). Conversely, WL EXP group showed no early increase followed by a delayed increase in cell count evident at the final time-point; CD4+CD3+ (19.06%, p<0.01), CD8+CD3+ (11.46%, p=0.033) and CD19+ (28.87%, p<0.01). Blood lactate was not correlated with lymphocyte counts. Conclusions: Physical aptitude and not cellular energy demand influences the lymphocyte response to resistance-exercise. Keywords: B-Lymphocytes; Exercise; Lactic Acid; Lymphocytosis; Resistance Training; T-Lymphocytes
Highlights
Resistance-exercise is recognised as a key component of contemporary athletic training (Azeem & Kumar, 2011; Ranisavljev & Vladimir, 2010) and as such, the biological consequences of this exercise mode require thorough investigation
The results of our study provide original evidence that significant changes to B and T lymphocyte homeostasis can occur in the absence of high intensity, high volume exercise
Resistance-exercise induced lymphocytosis cannot be explained by blood lactate when elevations are only mild
Summary
Resistance-exercise is recognised as a key component of contemporary athletic training (Azeem & Kumar, 2011; Ranisavljev & Vladimir, 2010) and as such, the biological consequences of this exercise mode require thorough investigation. Research is warranted which investigates the relationship between resistance-exercise and those particular leukocytes involved in highly organised and regulated roles Pleitrophic cells such as the lymphocytes are one important example, since they orchestrate fundamental biological tasks including cell-mediated and humoral immunity, coordination of innate immune responses and in regards to exercise, facilitate physiological adaption such as tissue remodelling (LeBien & Tedder, 2008; Luckheeram et al, 2012). Preliminary research in females has shown (Miles et al, 2003) that the greatest lymphocyte responses to resistance-exercise were associated with the highest post-exercise blood lactate levels; that is, high lactate responders (≥11.92 mmol/L) showed significantly greater lymphocyte count elevations than lower lactate responders (≤7.62 mmol/L) This response was not observed for monocytes and or granulocytes suggesting that cellular energy demand may selectively govern the lymphocytic response to resistance-exercise. Blood lactate concentration cannot determine the exact rate or volume of energy produced anaerobically, it can be used to demonstrate a rise in cellular energy demand and anaerobic energy expenditure
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