Abstract
Ganoderma resinaceum has been used as an ethnomedicine for lowering blood sugar. To clarify the bioactive chemical constituents contributing to lower blood sugar, chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma resinaceum was conducted by chromatographic techniques, and led to the isolation of 14 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as triterpenoid lactones (1–4 and 8) and ganoderma acids (5–7 and 9–14) based on the analysis of extensive spectroscopy (mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3, 5, 6, and 9–14 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1–7 are new compounds. Compounds 1–4 and 8 were characteristic of an oxaspirolactone moiety, consisting of a five-membered ether ring, a five-membered lactone ring, and a characteristic C-23 spiro carbon. It is rare for natural products that such an oxaspirolactone moiety occurred in the lanostane-type triterpenoids. Compounds 5–7 and 9–14 may be important intermediates of the biosynthetic pathways of 1–4 and 8. Compounds 1 and 2 showed more potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase compared with the positive control drug acarbose with IC50 value of 0.75 ± 0.018 mM and 1.64 ± 0.022 mM, respectively.
Highlights
Ganoderma resinaceum has long been used as an ethnomedicine to treat hyperglycemia, liver diseases, and immunoregulation [1,2]
Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of G. resinaceum by various column
Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of G. resinaceum by various column chromatography, including silica gel, ODS gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative high chromatography, including silica gel, ODS gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Summary
Ganoderma resinaceum has long been used as an ethnomedicine to treat hyperglycemia, liver diseases, and immunoregulation [1,2]. Lanostane-type triterpenoids [2,3], nortriterpenoids [4], meroterpenoids [5], steroids [6], phenolic compounds [7], and polysaccharides [8] had been reported from the fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia of G. resinaceum. These metabolites and crude extracts of G. resinaceum showed various potential biological activities, such as anticancer [9,10], Molecules 2018, 23, 1391; doi:10.3390/molecules23061391 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules.
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