Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Pasteurella multocida from fowl cholera (FC) suspected chicken, and to prepare and efficacy determination of formalin killed fowl cholera vaccine using the isolated P. multocida strain. Materials and methods: A total of five suspected dead chickens were collected from Brothers Poultry Farm located at Gazipur district, Bangladesh. The samples were processed and the P. multocida was isolated through conventional bacteriological techniques, were finally confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using P. multocida specific primers targeting cap gene. The P. multocida isolate was used to develop a formalin killed fowl cholera vaccine. The efficacy of the newly prepared vaccine was determined in Starcross-579 chickens (n=30) aging 15 weeks either by injecting 1 mL (group-A; n=10) or 0.5 mL (group-B; n=10) vaccine containing approximately 3.2x108 CFU/mL P. multocida organism; 10 birds were kept as unvaccinated control. The sera from the vaccinated and control birds were collected and were subjected for antibody titre determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally the vaccinated birds were challenged using virulent strains of P. multocida to confer the protection against FC. Results: P. multocida could be isolated from both the samples. The formalin killed vaccine prepared from the isolated bacteria was subjected for the determination of antibody titre in chicken, and found that the antibody titres in the birds of group A and group B were 4.513 and 4.07 respectively after primary vaccination, and 4.893 and 4.37 respectively after booster vaccination. Most of the vaccinated birds were found to be survived after challenging with virulent strain of P. multocida. Conclusion: It is concluded that the causal agent of FC (P. multocida) was successfully isolated from FC affected dead chickens. The prepared formalin killed fowl cholera vaccine induces protective immune response and conferred protection against challenge infection caused by the virulent strain of P. multocida.
Highlights
Pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen that causes fowl cholera (FC) in poultry and wild birds (Xiao et al, 2015)
The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Pasteurella multocida from fowl cholera (FC) suspected chicken, and to prepare and efficacy determination of formalin killed fowl cholera vaccine using the isolated P. multocida strain
Out of five FC suspected dead birds examined from the Brothers Poultry Farm, two were found to be positive for P. multocida
Summary
Pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen that causes fowl cholera (FC) in poultry and wild birds (Xiao et al, 2015). P. multocida often associated with severe economic loss due to loss of cattle or poultry species (Biswas et al, 2005; Marza et al, 2015). The FC, a septicemic disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality in poultry especially chicken and ducks. Five capsular serotypes (A, B, D, E, and F) are usually found in P. multocida, and each is generally associated with a specific host, for example, Serotype A causes FC in avian species (Harper et al, 2006), and Serotype B causes hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle (Marza et al, 2015). Virulence of P. multocida varies depending on the strain involved and factors host species (Glisson et al 2008). Laying flocks are mostly affected by FC because of their more susceptibility to the disease as compared to younger chickens (Choudhury et al, 1985; Wang et al, 2009). Choudhury et al (1985) reported about 25-35% mortality of chickens due to FC in Bangladesh
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