Isolation of Neuroprotective Anthocyanins from Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) against Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Haichao Wen,Hehe Tian,Jingming Li,Xiaoxu Zhang,Charles Ramassamy,Hui Cui,Liyan Ma

doi:10.3390/foods10010063

Abstract

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits are rich in anthocyanins, which are vital secondary metabolites that possess antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify the anthocyanins from black chokeberry by simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, and to investigate the neuroprotective effect of SMB purified anthocyanin against Aβ-induced memory damage in rats. The parameters of the SMB process were studied and optimized. Anthocyanin extracts were identified by HPLC and UPLC-QTOF-MS, and antioxidant abilities were evaluated. The Aβ-induced animal model was established by intracerebral ventricle injection in rat brain. Through the SMB purification, anthocyanins were purified to 85%; cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside were identified as the main anthocyanins by UPLC-QTOF-MS. The SMB purified anthocyanins exhibited higher DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging abilities than the crude anthocyanins extract. Furthermore, rats receiving SMB purified anthocyanins treatment (50 mg/kg) showed improved spatial memory in a Morris water maze test, as well as protection of the cells in the hippocampus against Aβ toxicity. These results demonstrate that anthocyanins could serve as antioxidant and neuroprotective agents, with potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Highlights

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is used as an ornamental plant and as a food and colorant. It is rich in the secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids which play vital roles in protecting against oxidative stress and biotic stress [1]
The Aβ1–40 peptides were purchased from Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology CO., LTD (Beijing, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from TCI (Shanghai) Development CO., LTD (Shanghai, China)
Black chokeberry fruits were harvested at the full maturity stage in September 2017 from black chokeberry demonstration planting base in Wafangdian City (39◦49 21” N, 121◦54 32” E, Dalian, Liaoning, China)

Summary

Introduction

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is used as an ornamental plant and as a food and colorant. It is rich in the secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and flavonoids which play vital roles in protecting against oxidative stress and biotic stress [1]. The main anthocyanins in the black chokeberry are cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-Oarabinoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-xyloside. These compounds exhibit many bioactivities such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, and modulate hepatic lipid metabolism activities [1,2,3,4]. The stability of anthocyanins is influenced by many factors such as structure, the presence of solvents, pH, temperature, oxygen, and enzymes and other concomitant substances; as such it is still impossible to isolate and purify monomeric anthocyanin from complex natural compounds [9]

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Conclusion