Isolation of Marine Bacillus sp. with Antagonistic and Organic-Substances-Degrading Activities and Its Potential Application as a Fish Probiotic.

Shuxin Zhou,Chongmiao Zhu,Weihua Chu,Yu Xia

doi:10.3390/md16060196

Abstract

We report on the isolation and characterization of an acid- and bile-tolerant bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. YB1701 with antibacterial and quorum-quenching activity. Strain YB1701 was isolated from coastal sediment samples and characterized by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro study indicated that strain YB1701 can survive at pH 2.0 for up to 3 h and tolerate bile up to 2.0% concentration even after 12 h of exposure. Strain YB1701 showed antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahemolyticus using an agar well diffusion assay. The trial test showed dietary supplementation of YB1701 significantly improved the resistance of Carassius auratus gibelio against A. hydrophila challenge. The safety assessment revealed that the isolate Bacillus sp. YB1701 was not cytotoxic to Carassius auratus gibelio or mice and did not exhibit hemolytic activity on rabbit blood agar plate. Disc-diffusion assays using a panel of antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) showed that YB1701 was susceptible to selected antibiotics. Under laboratory conditions, the degradation rate of organic waste (predominately fish excrement) for 14 days by YB1701 was 79.69%. Results from the present study suggest that strain YB1701 is a potential probiotic strain and can be used in aquaculture for degrading organic waste and improving disease resistance of fish against bacterial infection. Further study is needed to assess the utility of strain YB1701 on a commercial scale.

Highlights

Over the past four decades, the aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly in China with the production accounting for more than 70% of the whole world’s output [1]
Disc-diffusion assays using a panel of antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) showed that YB1701 was susceptible to selected antibiotics
Results from the present study suggest that strain YB1701 is a potential probiotic strain and can be used in aquaculture for degrading organic waste and improving disease resistance of fish against bacterial infection

Summary

Introduction

Over the past four decades, the aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly in China with the production accounting for more than 70% of the whole world’s output [1]. As fish farming intensifies, the amount of bait per unit area increases, while the organic pollution caused by the farming system becomes an acute issue. Antibiotics have been used as traditional disease control strategy to combat bacteria diseases. The usage of antibiotics causes drug residues and the spread of antibiotic-resistance [2]. For a sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, novel strategies to control organic pollutants and bacterial infections are needed. Many studies have shown that the usage of probiotics as an alternative instead of antibiotics for sustainable aquaculture [3,4]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion