Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (John’s disease) mainly in large and small domestic and wild ruminants, and suspected causative agent in human Crohn’s disease. In Bulgaria, paratuberculosis is still poorly researched in both groups of ruminants. We present results of the first in-depth study of mouflon, grown free in one hunting reserve in the Western region of the country. The aim was to prove the presence of MAP in diagnostic materials from regularly hunted or dead mouflon suspected for paratuberculosis. Small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) from 12 hunted and 4 dead mouflon and 10 faecal samples (Fc) were studied in the period of 2009–2013. Typical for paratuberculosis pathomorphological lesions were observed in four mouflon (of 16 examined). The intestinal wall was thickened, strongly folded and soft, with severe hyperemia. The MLN were enlarged, soft, with marbled appearance. The affected section of the ileum showed hyperplasia of the mucous corion and submucosa with diffuse infiltration of epithelioid cells. Lymphadenopathy with atrophy of T and B lymphocytes areas was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. For bacteriological isolation of MAP, the tissue and faecal samples were decontaminated with NALC-NaOH, cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 Broth and on Herrold’s medium. The Ziehl–Neelsen stained smears and isolates were examined microscopically for acid-fast bacteria. Presence of MAP was observed in tissue samples of 4 (25%) mouflon and in 2 (20%) faecal samples. The same samples were confirmed by the IS900 PCR for the presence of specific for MAP fragments with a commercial amplification kit. The cases of paratuberculosis found at different times in the free-living mouflon in our study prove that the disease exists in Bulgaria and highlight the need for more serious control of the disease among wild and domestic ruminants.
Highlights
Paratuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases in animals, described in 1829 in England and studied by John and Froitam in 1895
The aim of this study is to prove the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in diagnostic material from legally hunted or dead mouflon suspected for paratuberculosis, which may be a risk for spreading the disease in the population of other wild and domestic ruminants in contact with infected animals or contaminated environment
Typical for paratuberculosis pathomorphological lesions were observed in 25% of mouflon (4 out of 16 examined)
Summary
Paratuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases in animals, described in 1829 in England and studied by John and Froitam in 1895. The isolation of MAP from the blood culture of patients, from breast milk and patients with ulcerative colitis gives reason to accept MAP as one of the etiological factors in Crohn’s disease [6, 15, 16, 17]. This shows zoonotic nature of MAP, the question still remains controversial [18, 21]
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