Abstract
Microalgae are known as a rich source of bioactive compounds which exhibit different biological activities. Increased demand for sustainable biomass for production of important bioactive components with various potential especially therapeutic applications has resulted in noticeable interest in algae. Utilisation of microalgae in multiple scopes has been growing in various industries ranging from harnessing renewable energy to exploitation of high-value products. The focuses of this review are on production and the use of value-added components obtained from microalgae with current and potential application in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, energy and agri-food industries, as well as for bioremediation. Moreover, this work discusses the advantage, potential new beneficial strains, applications, limitations, research gaps and future prospect of microalgae in industry.
Highlights
Microalgae are in the form of unicellular, multicellular, filamentous or siphonaceous, known as photosynthetic microorganisms that can be categorized as eukaryotic and prokaryotic [1]
Microalgae are the largest global primary producers that consist of approximately 200,000 species [2] with distinctive nutrient contents as well as bioactive compounds which have a wide spectrum of commercial applications in various facets of industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, biofuels, biofertilisers, wastewater treatments, feed, and proteomics (Figure 1)
Continual exploration for novel microalgae species along with isolation of its bioactive compounds are in great demand for diverse applications in various fields and industries as raw material, biomass or high-quality extracts
Summary
Microalgae are in the form of unicellular, multicellular, filamentous or siphonaceous, known as photosynthetic microorganisms that can be categorized as eukaryotic and prokaryotic [1]. Microalgae are the largest global primary producers that consist of approximately 200,000 species [2] with distinctive nutrient contents as well as bioactive compounds which have a wide spectrum of commercial applications in various facets of industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, biofuels, biofertilisers, wastewater treatments, feed, and proteomics (Figure 1). Production of microalgae involves mass cultivation, recovery of biomass and downstream processes for sustainable yield to cater for food, chemical, feed, biofuel, and high value products. Intrinsic factors such as temperature, salinity, light, and the availability of nutrients affect the chemical composition of the biomasses. T. ThheePBPBRR, h, ohwoweveevre,rp, rporvoivdiedeananexecxeclelellnetnat nadnd cocnontrtorlolelldedclcolsoesdedcucultlutrueresyssytsetmemfofrorcucultlitviavtaitoino,np, prerveevnetnintignghahzaazradrdororcocnotnatmaminiantaiotinonfrformom mmoouuldlds,sb, bacatcetreiraia, ,pprortootozozoaaananddcocmomppeteittiitoionnbybyotohtehrermmicircoraolaglageae[9[]9.]I.tIitsisusuusaulalyllyplpalcaecded ououtdtdooorosrstotoexepxploliotitththeefrfereeesosuourcrecsesofoef neenregrygyfrformomsusnulniglihgth.tT.
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