Abstract
Knowledge of the promoter structure is critical for an understanding of the regulation of genes. We demonstrate by analysis of 405 human genes that human promoter regions are flanked by upstreamAlurepeat elements, typically at a distance of 0.5–5 kb from their protein-coding areas. We identified commonAlurepeat consensus sequences (ARC) among the different members of theAlusubfamilies that can be used as universal anchor sites for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Utilizing ARC-specific primers and oligonucleotides specific for the 5′ end of a selected target gene, we show that sequences spanning unknown human gene promoter regions can be directly amplified by PCR from genomic DNA. This novel technique, termed ARC-PCR, allowed us to characterize the proximal promoters of the human LTA4hydrolase and SPARC genes, each within 1 day.
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