Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a major health problem in the United States and most Western European countries. Despite the availability of several effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer, survival is still poor. Major problems in ovarian cancer chemotherapies are a failure to consolidate response, acquired/intrinsic drug resistance, and dose-limiting toxicity. Thus new therapeutic treatment modalities have been developed, most of which are based on the targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs) that detect tumor-associated antigens. After early disappointments, some relevant clinical success has recently been achieved, and several alternative and/ or supplementary approaches are being explored. For detailed information on aspects such as mechanisms of action, preclinical screening, and clinical results, see specific references in Table 1 and an excellent recent review (). Table 1 Target Antigens Potentially Suited for Antibody-Based Immunotherapy of Ovarian Carcinoma a Target antigen overexpressed by Antibody entered into clinicb Product type Type of therapy Trial status References Ovarian and few other carcinomas FR c (a isoform) MOV 18 Murine Radioimmunotherapy I/II (22) Murine-bispecific CTL retargeting I/II (23) Chimeric Radioimmunotherapy I/II (24) Ca-125 B43. 13 (OVAREX) Murine Naked Ab II/III (25) OC-125 Murine Radioimmunotherapy I/II (26) Ovarian and many other carcinomas HER2/neu Trastuzumab Humanized Naked Ab I/II (27) (HERCEPTIN) d PEM/MUCl HMFG-l (THERAGYN) Murine Radioimmunotherapy III (28) hCTMOl Chimeric Radioimmunotherapy I (29) CEA MN-14 Murine Radioimmunotherapy I (30,31) TAG-72 B72. 3 Murine Radioimmunotherapy I/II (32) CC49 Murine Radioimmunotherapy I/II (33) Not defined 88BV59 (HUMARAD) Human Radioimmunotherapy I/II aFor details on target antigen characteristics and biodistribution and rationale for therapeutic approach, see specific references cited in the clinical trial reports. For trial status, see also individual company websites. bIn parenthesis the commercial name of the reagent. cFR, folate receptor; PEM/MUC1, polymorphic epithelial mucin, product of MUC1 gene; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen. dFDA-approved (1998) for metastatizing breast tumors; phase III for early breast cancer tumors.
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