Abstract
Six fungal strains were isolated from the textile industry effluent in which they naturally occur. Subsequently, the fungal strains were identified and characterized in order to establish their potential decolorizing effect on textile industry effluents. The strains of interest were selected based on their capacity to decolorize azo, indigo, and anthraquinone dyes. Three of the strains were identified as Emmia latemarginata (MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05) and the other three as Mucor circinelloides (MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06), while the efficiency of their decolorization of the dyes was determined on agar plate and in liquid fermentation. All the strains co-metabolized the dyes of interest, generating different levels of dye decolorization. Plate screening for lignin-degrading enzymes showed that the MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05 strains were positive for laccase and the MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06 strains for tyrosinase, while all strains were positive for peroxidase. Based on its decolorization capacity, the Emmia latemarginata (MAP03) strain was selected for the further characterization of its growth kinetics and ligninolytic enzyme production in submerged fermentation under both enzyme induction conditions, involving the addition of Acetyl yellow G (AYG) dye or wheat straw extract, and no-induction condition. The induction conditions promoted a clear inductive effect in all of the ligninolytic enzymes analyzed. The highest level of induced enzyme production was observed with the AYG dye fermentation, corresponding to versatile peroxidase (VP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP). The present study can be considered the first analysis of the ligninolytic enzyme system of Emmia latemarginata in submerged fermentation under different conditions. Depending on the results of further research, the fungal strains analyzed in the present research may be candidates for further biotechnological research on the decontamination of industrial effluents.
Highlights
The ability of filamentous fungi to degrade toxic compounds, including synthetic dyes, has been widely studied as has their potential as agents of biodegradation [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Within this group of fungi, Basidiomycetes, especially white-rot fungi, are the most intensively studied group of organisms in terms of their ligninolytic and bioremediation abilities. Fungi such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, Bjerkandera adusta, and Trametes versicolor have been intensively studied in the context of the decolorization processes [20,21,22,23,24]
The analysis identified two main strains groups, Group A (MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05) and Group B (MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06)
Six fungal strains from two main phyla (Basidiomycota and Zygomycota) and two main genera (Emmia and Mucor) were isolated from a coloured textile industry effluent
Summary
The ability of filamentous fungi to degrade toxic compounds, including synthetic dyes, has been widely studied as has their potential as agents of biodegradation [13,14,15,16,17,18,19] Within this group of fungi, Basidiomycetes, especially white-rot fungi, are the most intensively studied group of organisms in terms of their ligninolytic and bioremediation abilities. Fungi such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, Bjerkandera adusta, and Trametes versicolor have been intensively studied in the context of the decolorization processes [20,21,22,23,24] Their enzymatic system, in which enzymes participate in the modification of lignin (laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and H2 O2 -producing oxidases etc.), is able to transform different xenobiotic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, or synthetic dyes [25,26,27]
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