Abstract
Boreal peatlands with low iron availability are a potential, but rarely studied, source for the isolation of bacteria for applications in metal sorption. The present research focused on the isolation and identification of Actinobacteria from northern Finland, which can produce siderophores for metal capture. The 16S rDNA analysis showed that isolated strains belonged to Firmicutes (Bacillus sp.) and Actinobacteria (Microbacterium sp.). The culture most efficiently producing siderophores in the widest array of the media was identified as Microbacterium sp. The most appropriate media for siderophore production by the Microbacterium strain were those prepared with glucose supplemented with asparagine or glutamic acid, and those prepared with glycerol or fructose supplemented with glutamic acid. The microorganism obtained and its siderophores were used to develop Sphagnum moss-based hybrid biosorbents. It was showed that the hybrid sorbent could bind nickel ions and that the nickel removal was enhanced by the presence of siderophores. Bacterial cells did not have a significant effect on sorption efficiency compared to the use of siderophores alone. The microbial biosorbent could be applied in the final effluent treatment stage for wastewater with low metal concentrations.
Highlights
Siderophores are compounds of low molecular weight (500–1500 Da) that exhibit extremely high affinity toward iron (Kf > 1030 )
Twelve isolates were obtained on the Petri dishes containing Starch Casein Agar (SCA) broth supplemented with nystatin (Table 1)
The relative content of various bacterial genera is strongly dependent on the origin of the soil and on the climate, it can be concluded that the aforementioned microorganisms are almost always present in the soil of any type [31]
Summary
Siderophores are compounds of low molecular weight (500–1500 Da) that exhibit extremely high affinity toward iron (Kf > 1030 ). 500 siderophores have been identified, of which about 270 have been structurally characterized [1]. The majority of bacteria (both aerobic and facultative aerobic), fungi, and graminaceous plants excrete siderophores for iron scavenging [1] it was proved that budding and fission yeasts do not produce such metabolites [2]. The primary role of siderophores is the mobilization, scavenging, and subsequent transport of iron into the cell. The indirect consequence of this strategy is that other, competing microorganisms are deprived of iron, microorganisms able to produce siderophores gain an advantage in the environment. Since potentially toxic heavy metal ions (Ni, Cu, Co, Al, Cd, Ga, In, Pb, Zn, U, Np) stimulate siderophore production in many bacterial
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