Abstract
Cottonseeds are classified as glanded or glandless seeds depending on the presence or absence of gossypol glands. Glanded cottonseed has anticancer property and glandless cottonseed was reported to cause cancer in one animal study. It is important to investigate the effect of bioactive components from cottonseeds. Our objectives were to isolate ethanol extracts from cottonseeds and investigate their effects on human cancer cells. A protocol was developed for isolating bioactive extracts from seed coat and kernel of glanded and glandless cottonseeds. HPLC-MS analyzed the four ethanol extracts but only quercetin was identified in the glandless seed coat extract. Residual gossypol was detected in the glanded and glandless seed kernel extracts and but only in the glanded seed coat extract. Ethanol extracts were used to treat human cancer cells derived from breast and pancreas followed by MTT assay for cell viability. Ethanol extracts from glanded and glandless cottonseed kernels and gossypol significantly decreased breast cancer cell mitochondrial activity. Ethanol extract from glanded cottonseed kernel and gossypol also significantly decreased pancreas cancer cell mitochondrial activity. These results suggest that ethanol extracts from cottonseeds, like gossypol, contain anticancer activities.
Highlights
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an industrially important crop because it provides fiber and cottonseeds
Glandless cottonseed does not have pigment glands and accumulates only trace amounts of gossypol[17]; which has potential being used as a food ingredient or as a feed for non-ruminant animals[14,15,16]
The novelty of this paper is the development of a reliable protocol for isolating bioactive extracts from the seed coat and kernel of glanded and glandless cottonseeds
Summary
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an industrially important crop because it provides fiber and cottonseeds. Glandless cottonseeds contain trace amount of gossypol and are generally considered safe[13,14,15] Glandless cottonseeds and their modified products have been approved for human consumption as a nut substitute and snack item by the Food and Drug Administration (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012). These seeds may be available for consumption by human and non-ruminant animals in the future[17,18]. Considering the conflicting results mentioned above that glanded cottonseeds, rich in gossypol, may have anticancer property and glandless cottonseeds essentially free of gossypol may cause cancer in animals, it is important to investigate the effect of bioactive components from cottonseeds in cancer cells. The objectives of this study were to isolate bioactive extracts from glanded and glandless cottonseeds and investigate their effects on cultured human cancer cells using gossypol and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as controls
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