Abstract
More and more people are looking at bioremediation as a cheaper option to physhiochemical techniques for cleaning up pollution from farming, mines, and other chemical industries. Toxic effects of molybdenum on spermatogenesis harm not only humans but also livestock and aquatic life. As a result, efforts are being made to remove it from the ecosystem. A microorganism that can convert soluble molybdenum into colloidal molybdenum blue has been discovered. Phosphate concentrations were optimum between 2.5 and 5, molybdate concentrations between 15 and 20, pH between 6, and temperature between 25 and 34 degrees Celsius for the bacteria to thrive. Absorption spectrum of Mo-blue shows a peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm, which indicates that it is in fact reduced phosphomolybdate. Copper, mercury, silver, copper, and chromium are all hazardous heavy metals that hinder the synthesis of Mo-blue. Bacillus sp. strain Zeid 15 is the most likely candidate for the bacterium's identity. As part of our screening, we look for the bacterium's capacity to employ different nitriles and amides as potential electron donors for molybdenum reduction or as substrates for growth. A microplate format was used for the screening. The bacterium was able to use the amides acrylamide and propionamide as sources of electron donor for reduction. Mo-blue production was best supported by acrylamide between 750 and 1250 mg/L, and propionamide between 750 and 1000 mg/L. In addition, these amides including acetamide could support the growth of the bacterium. The modified Gompertz model was utilized to model the growth of this bacterium on amides. The model’s growth parameters obtained were lag periods of 1.372, 1.562 and 1.639 d and maximum specific growth rates of 1.38, 0.95 and 0.734 d-1, for acrylamide, acetamide and propionamide, respectively. The capacity of this bacterium to decontaminate simultaneously amides and molybdenum is a novel characteristic that will be very beneficial in bioremediation.
Highlights
Heavy metal and organic pollution poisoning of soil and waterways is a severe issue that affects the whole world
As the Low Phosphate Media (LPM) media causes bacterial clumping, a high phosphate molybdate (HPM) media for growth of resting cells was opted with the composition of the medium was the same to the LPM media, but with the critical difference where the phosphate concentration was increased to 100 mM to avoid Mo-blue production
Ghani et al was the first to suggest the utility of this bacterium for bioremediation [13]
Summary
Heavy metal and organic pollution poisoning of soil and waterways is a severe issue that affects the whole world. Bioremediation has been used extensively to clean up polluted places. Manufacturing and mining operations are the primary causes of molybdenum pollution in the environment. About 60% of the world's molybdenum production is used in the steel industry, which is often the source of pollution caused by molybdenum manufacturing processes. Several places associated with the steel industry in Japan, the Black Sea, China, and Austria have been polluted by emissions and aqueous effluents from such enterprises. Molybdenum pollution from an incandescent lightbulb manufacture line in China is one of the greatest reported industry-related contaminations, with values of 252 mg/kg in soils and 0.5 ppm in groundwater [2]. Mining produces more serious incidents of pollution than industrial activity. Due to seepage from mine tailing’s storage depots, the Red River in New Mexico has been contaminated by molybdenum. Mine tailings waste deposited near the Nver River in western Liaoning, China, has generated a similar scenario in which
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