Abstract
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is one of the most important known viral respiratory pathogens of both young and adult cattle. It is also named “heat stress in transport”, causing morbidity and mass death. New variants of BPIV3 have been detected or isolated in China since 2008. Here, we isolate one BPIV3 strain (named BPIV3 BJ) in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells from nasal samples collected in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolate is related to BPIV3 of the genotype A. The comparison of BPIV3-BJ and the reference Chinese isolate NM09 showed that these strains are highly divergent. We found many differences in the amino acid composition in the nucleocapsid (NP) protein among these genotype A strains. Since the NP protein has been implicated in immunization studies, our BPIV3 isolate will be useful for the development of immune assays and vaccine studies. The diversity of BPIV3 lineages that we found in China indicated ongoing evolution for immune escape. Our study highlights the importance of genetic surveillance for determining the effect of BPIV3 variability on pathogen evolution and population-scale immunity.
Highlights
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a multi-factorial disease, is an economically important health problem of cattle worldwide
To investigate the potential infectious pathogens causing coughing and nasal discharge, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were detected by PCR
Three nasal swab samples were positive for BPIV3
Summary
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a multi-factorial disease, is an economically important health problem of cattle worldwide. The multiple factors that cause BRDC include stress, infectious agents, immunity, and housing conditions. The infectious agents associated with BRDC include viruses, bacteria, and mycoplasmas [2,3]. While most acute infections with uncomplicated infectious agents are sub-clinical, they can cause respiratory disease characterized by a cough, fever, and nasal discharge [4]. The primary viral infectious pathogens that cause BRDC are bovine parainfluenza virus. Multiple BPIV3 genotype A strains have been isolated in USA, China, Argentina, and Japan [8,10,12,16]. Isolation of BPIV3 genotype C, first identified in China, has been conducted in South Korea, Japan, Argentina, and USA [5,8,10,11,15,16]. The full characterization of our BPIV3 genotype A strain will lend support to molecular diagnoses and to future studies aimed at developing an efficient vaccine against multiple viral lineages
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