Isolation Hope and Threat of Mangrove Restoration Program in Bogowonto Lagoon, Yogyakarta - Indonesia (2002-2014)

Abdullah Firaswan,Nur Faizah,Rindra Aryandari,Muhammad Sulthon Andalas,Aqmarina Fitri Ramadhani,Akbar Reza,Nur Rachman

doi:10.18502/kls.v3i4.680

Abstract

Bogowonto Lagoon has the largest mangrove ecosystem in southern coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Several activities on mangrove restoration have been conducted to escalate this remnant mangrove forest area. Conversely, rapid increase of shrimp pond area become threat for mangrove ecosystem in Bogowonto lagoon since the early of 21st century. Hence, This study is aimed to investigate mangrove composition, distribution and abundance, progress of mangrove restoration program and shrimp pond extensification in 2002 to 2014. Conducted from April 2015 to May 2015, this research consists of several steps namely survey, vegetation analysis, literature study, sociological study using questionnaire, measurement of mangrove and shrimp pond area using Landsat 8 imageries and Arc GIS 10.1. We determined 15 sites along Bogowonto Lagoon using random sampling by quadratic plot (10 m × 10 m for tree, 5 m ×5 m for sapling) and total counts (for seedling). The result showed that there were seven species of mangrove and six species of associate mangrove. Rhizopora mucronata Lamb. was dominant in each growthform with clumped distribution. R. mucronata and Avicennia marina (<a title="Forssk." href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forssk.">Forssk.</a>) <a title="Vierh." href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierh.">Vierh.</a> also dominate from backswamp to rivermouth. Satellite imageries revealed that there was a hope due to upward trends of mangrove area in last 12 yr (approximately 5 ha). However, the significant increase sof shrimp pond area (approximately 34 ha) surrounding mangrove area become current and future threat. Based on sociological study, most of people around Bogowonto Lagoon have high awareness, but less participated on mangrove restoration program. Besides, the river mouth covered by sand become another obstacle of it.<div> Keywords: Bogowonto lagoon, mangrove restoration, shrimp pond, vegetation analysis</div>

Highlights

Presence of mangrove ecosystem in the southern coast of Yogyakarta was very low due to unfavorable ecological condition
This research was conducted from April 2015 to May 2015 in mangrove ecosystem area around Bogowonto Lagoon located in Pasir Mendit Village, Jangkaran, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
True mangrove species were Rhizopora mucronata, R. apiculata, Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Sonneratia alba and Nypa fruticans while associate mangroves consists of Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Pandanus tectorius, Acanthus volubilis and Derris heterophylla

Summary

Introduction

Presence of mangrove ecosystem in the southern coast of Yogyakarta was very low due to unfavorable ecological condition. This substrate only suitable for few mangrove species. The intertidal zone in this lagoon more composed by mud and clay This soil is one favorable composition for most of mangrove species [1, 2]. In the past 12 yr there were several human activity pertaining shrimp aquaculture extensification around this mangrove ecosystem This activity was widely known as the major factor of mangrove devastation in the world. To have a better understanding of the basic biology and ecology of mangrove ecosystems, there is an increasing need to monitor and assess mangrove forest structure and dynamics which will help to guide efforts of conservation, restoration and better management of the ecosystems [4].

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