Abstract
BackgroundWheat sheath blight, a soil borne fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, is considered as one of the most serious threats to wheat worldwide. Bacillus subtilis Z-14 was isolated from soil sampled from a wheat rhizosphere and was confirmed to have strong antifungal activity against R. cerealis.ResultsAn antifungal protein, termed F2, was isolated from the culture supernatant of Z-14 strain using precipitation with ammonium sulfate, anion exchange chromatography, and reverse phase chromatography. Purified F2 had a molecular mass of approximately 8 kDa, as assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Edman degradation was used to determine the amino acid sequence of the N-terminus, which was NH2ASGGTVGIYGANMRS. This sequence is identical to a hypothetical protein RBAM_004680 (YP_001420098.1) synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. The recombinant F2 protein (rF2) was heterologously expressed in the yeast host Pichia pastoris, purified using a Niaffinity column, and demonstrated significant antifungal activity against R. cerealis. The purified rF2 demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against different varieties of fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Bipolaris papendorfii, and Fusarium proliferatum. rF2 was thermostable, retaining 91.5% of its activity when incubated for 30 min at 100 °C. Meanwhile, rF2 maintained its activity under treatment by proteinase K and trypsin and over a wide pH range from 5 to 10.ConclusionsA novel antifungal protein, F2, was purified from biocontrol Bacillus subtilis Z-14 strain fermentation supernatant and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris to verify its antifungal activity against R. cerealis and the validity of the gene encoding F2. Considering its significant antifungal activity and stable characteristics, protein F2 presents an alternative compound to resist fungal infections caused by R. cerealis.
Highlights
Wheat sheath blight, a soil borne fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, is considered as one of the most serious threats to wheat worldwide
A nonpathogenic and endophytic bacteria that exists widely in nature, has the ability to inhibit a variety of plant diseases [6]
Purification of antifungal protein F2 from Bacillus subtilis strain Z‐14 Anion-exchange chromatography was used to isolate antifungal proteins from crude extracts of strain Z-14 fermentation supernatant on a HiTrap diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-sepharose fast Flow column, which resulted in unadsorbed fraction A and seven adsorbed fractions B–H (Fig. 1a)
Summary
A soil borne fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, is considered as one of the most serious threats to wheat worldwide. A nonpathogenic and endophytic bacteria that exists widely in nature, has the ability to inhibit a variety of plant diseases [6]. B. subtilis is an important microbial population in agricultural soil and plant rhizospheres, which has broadspectrum antimicrobial activity and strong resistance to stress [7]. It produces many active substances such as enzymes, antibiotics, amino acids, and insecticides that have been used industrially and agriculturally [8]. The antimicrobial protein gene can be transferred into the affected plant for expression, producing genetically engineered plants with disease resistance. The gene can be introduced into a plant epiphyte or endophyte to construct high-efficiency biocontrol engineered bacteria [14]
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