Abstract
Game meat has been underutilized, while it offers the potential to diversify not only the human diet but also increase food production and the nutritional value of meat products. This study aimed to determine the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the digested game meats (venison and boar meat) compared with those of livestock meats (beef and pork). Through the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size chromatography results, we found that the digested products from each meat had different molecular weights. The ACE inhibitory ratio in all tested samples had gradually increased following by the enzyme treatments. ACE inhibitory ratios and the half maximal inhibitory concentration values indicated that digested venison was the most potent inhibitor of ACE activity, followed by the digested boar meat. The level of anserine in digested venison was higher than that in the other meats, but the carnosine level was lower. Through fractionations and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, five ACE inhibitory peptides were identified from the digested venison. Of these peptides, Isoleucine-Lysine- Glutamic Acid-Valine-Threonine-Glutamic Acid-Arginine (IKEVTER) demonstrated the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Therefore, the game meat is food that is believed potentially to offer high bioactivities, particularly antihypertensive forces.
Highlights
Meat is recognized as having high nutritional value; it is a good source of protein and contains group B vitamins, minerals, and trace elements
We found that the digestibilities of boar meat and venison, as well as those of pork and beef, in pep and pep/try/pan were almost the same; there were no significant differences in peptide concentrations (Table 1)
The carnosine level in venison in the pep/try/pan group was lowest among the tested meats, the anserine level was the highest
Summary
Meat is recognized as having high nutritional value; it is a good source of protein and contains group B vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Game meat is currently underutilized, even though it offers the potential to diversify the human diet and increase food production. One of the game meats, is rich in proteins and primary essential minerals, with a low subcutaneous and infiltrated fat content [1,5,6]. The meat of the reindeer, which belongs to the Cervidae family and has a red-colored raw muscle tissue, is believed to be with low fat and cholesterol, and with high vitamin B12, minerals, and trace elements [8,9,10,11]. It is important to experimentally assess the health potential of game meat, including venison, consumed as food
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