Abstract
Salmonella is an important pathogen for poultry production as well as for human due to zoonotic importance. It has more than 2600 identified serovars despite of this identification and classification of Salmonella isolates into different serovars is critical for study of incidence and surveillance. This study investigates the epidemiology and molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates in broiler chicks during 1st week of life. A total of (n = 1000) samples including liver, intestine, yolk sac, spleen and heart blood were collected from El-Gharbia, El-Behera, Kafr-Elshikh, Alexandria, Marsamatroh Provinces in Egypt and tested through bacteriological, biochemical, serological and molecular examinations. Incidence of Salmonella was demonstrated on 75 positive samples from 1000 samples and the predominance of Salmonella that isolated from internal organs of newly hatched chicks was highest from yolk sacs (10%), liver and intestines (9%) followed by the spleen (7.5%) then heart blood (2%). Serotyping of the isolated strains using slide agglutination test revealed that 24 isolates belonging to S. enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m 1,7), while, 14 isolates belonging to S. virchow (6,7 r 1,2), in addition to, 12 isolates belonging to S. typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) and 8 isolates belonging to S. kentucky (6,8.I,z). Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR revealed that two S. enteriditis isolates were identical and one isolate differ by 40%, while two S. typhimurium isolates were identical by 80% and one isolate was similar by 20% to the other two isolates, in addition, two S. virchow isolates were identical by 80% and the two S. kentucky isolates were different.
Highlights
Salmonella isolates are considered as the most circulating and frequent bacterial agents causing disease poultry and other avian species
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR revealed that two S. enteriditis isolates were identical and one isolate differ by 40%, while two S. typhimurium isolates were identical by 80% and one isolate was similar by 20% to the other two isolates, in addition, two S. virchow isolates were identical by 80% and the two S
Salmonella is considered as one of the major pathogenic agents which infect the variety of avian species specially poultry birds including layer as well as broiler reared in the modern intensive system with higher biosafety, biosecurity and standard management
Summary
Salmonella isolates are considered as the most circulating and frequent bacterial agents causing disease poultry and other avian species. It is associated with high economic losses because of high mortality, morbidity and impaired productions. It is considered as a major food-borne pathogen in most countries of the world especially in developing countries (Soultose et al 2003; Carraminana et al.2004). Wide variations of Salmonella serovars commonly infect poultry and one serovar may be common in a country for number of years before it is substituted by another isolate. The predominant serotypes have been identified in Egyptian poultry farms are Salmonella enterica serovar
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