Isolation, characterization, and biological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Ajos sacha in Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar albino rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disorder due to insulin imbalances associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications. This research was aimed to explore the diabetes-healing effect of Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers phytochemicals. Before secondary screening on animals, phytochemical constituent estimation, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, column chromatographies, Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), and acute toxicity study were performed. Then, Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar albino rats was carried out in five groups of animals such as Normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), Standard group (Std), Low dose (EEAAF 100 mg/kg, b.w), Medium dose (EEAAF 250 mg/kg, b.w) and High dose (EEAAF 500 mg/kg, b.w) group. Each group consists of six animals. Upon regular observation for fasting blood glucose level, body weight, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, serum protein, serum creatinine, serum urea, and lipid profile for four weeks, the animals were sacrificed using Ketamine hydrochloride. Organs were removed. Pancreases were used for observing cellular injury using Olympus binocular microscope at 45X. Isolated liver cells homogenate used for free radical scavenging activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). The results showed the presence of polyphenol and alkaloids, especially flavonoids. Current characteristics of A. alliaceum include many principal secondary metabolites on GC-MS. On isolation and spectroscopic determination, Flacitran was found. There was neither mortality nor morbidity observed in the acute toxicity study. Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers flowers extract (EEAAF) shows promising efficacy in reducing blood glucose level, metabolic symptoms, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, serum urea, and success in elevating body weight, high-density lipoprotein, and serum protein. The histopathological report also showed significant results from the trio's doses of EEAAF against pancreatic damages compared to the DC group. The data recommend that Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers could be very effective as a accepted resource of antidiabetic agent to modulate pancreatic action.