Abstract
The Antibiotic Resistance profile of bacteria isolated from Rumuola pond water in the Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated. Total of 48 bacterial species were isolated on Nutrient Agar and a set of selective diagnostic media. The isolates were identified as Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus sp.; Shigella sp.; Klebsiella sp.; Vibrio sp.; and Salmonella sp. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial count (TCHB) and faecal coliform count of the water samples ranged from 1.02 x 10 6 – 1.90 x 10 6 cfu/ml and 3.70x 10 5 – 8.15x10 5 cfu/ml respectively. The sensitivity of the isolates from the water samples to 12 different antibiotics selected was ascertained on Muller-Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The zone diameter obtained was interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard International (CLSI) and British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) zone diameter breakpoints. Isolates were recorded as susceptible (S), intermediate susceptible (I) or resistant (R) based on the guidelines. The level of resistance exhibited by the isolates to specific antibiotics used were; Lincocin 74.8%, Rifampicin 71.4%, Augumentin 71.2%, Chloramphnicol 68.2%, Erythromycin 64.3%, Cotrimoxazole 55.8%, Streptomycin 50.2%, Pefloxacin 48.6%, Gentamycin 43%, Norfloxacin 42.9%, Ofloxacin 16.2%, Ciprofloxacin 13%. The resistance to Lincocin (74.8%) was the highest followed by Rifampicin (71.4%). The highest level of bacterial resistance pattern to all tested antibiotics was observed in sites with highest human activities. The result showed multiple antibiotic resistance patterns among the bacterial isolates suggesting a pool of resistance genes among isolates in the pond. Most of the bacterial isolates are potential pathogens. Modern health services for effective disease management for this community would include antibiotic/drug mapping for individuals. Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Rumuola Pond, Port Harcourt
Highlights
In Nigeria, the input of environmental pollutants in aquatic system is a common phenomenon (Abu and Egenonu, 2008)
Pond water serves as a natural habitat of pathogenic bacterial strains which harbor virulence factors that could play a role in disease process, as well as various multi-drug resistant water-borne pathogens
The aim of this study is to isolate, characterize and identify bacterial species from a dug out (Rumuola) pond in the Port Harcourt Metropolis; the isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance profile studies to determine the level of antibiotic resistance gene among the isolates from the pond
Summary
In Nigeria, the input of environmental pollutants in aquatic system is a common phenomenon (Abu and Egenonu, 2008). The pond receives pollutants from municipal waste water, and surface runoff resulting from soil erosion, domestic and industrial practices in that area. These may lead to wide scale contamination of the pond. The infections caused by resistant bacteria increase the risk of death and disease transmission as a result of their adaptation towards different Aqua media (Mateos et al, 1993) This has been related to the horizontal transfer of genetic elements like plasmids and class 1 integrones (Jacobs and Chinia, 2006). Municipal waste water, and surface runoff resulting from soil erosion, domestic and industrial practices in that area
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