Isolation and structural elucidation of eight kinins from the retrocerebral complex of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Abstract

By monitoring the contractile activity of the hindgut of the American cockroach in vitro eight myotropic neuropeptides were isolated from the retrocerebral complex of the American cockroach. Peptide sequence analysis and mass spectrometry yielded the following structures: Arg- Pro-Ser-Phe-Asn-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Pea-K-1), Asp-Ala-Ser-Phe-Ser-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Pea-K-2), Asp-Pro-Ser-Phe-Asn-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Pea-K-3), Gly-Ala-Gln-Phe-Ser-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Pea-K-4), Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Asn-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Pea-K-5), Asp-Pro-Ala-Phe-Ser-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Lem-K-7), Gly-Ala-Asp-Phe-Tyr-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Lem-K-8) and Ala-Phe-Ser-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 (Lom-K). The C-terminal sequence Phe-X-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH 2 characterized the peptides as members of the insect kinin family. All structures were confirmed by comparison of retention times between synthetic and natural peptides. The threshold concentration for stimulatory effects of the synthetic peptides on the isolated hindgut was about 10 −9 M and there was no significant difference measured between the different kinin forms. These neuropeptides are the first members of the insect kinin-family isolated from the American cockroach. Their occurrence in the retrocerebral complex suggests a physiological role as neurohormone.