Abstract
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae) root bark is used in Ivorian Traditional Medicine to treat asthma, which is a respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and the restriction of tracheal muscles obstructing the air circulation. The tracheal relaxant effect of a crude aqueous-alcoholic extract of the plant root bark was previously shown. For the present study, alkaloids were isolated from the same extract and investigated ex vivo in C57Bl/6j mice isolated trachea contracted with carbachol 1 μM, in comparison with a reference bronchodilatator, i.e. salbutamol. Two extraction procedures allowed isolating 2 Alkaloids that monodimensional and bi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass specters allowed identifying a pyrolidine structure type nucleus with a long bi-hydroxyled alkyl chain. Alkaloid 1, carrier of a sugar, is a glycoside of Alkaloid 2. Both alkaloids induced similar spasmolytic effects, but Alkaloid 1 was more effective than Alkaloid 2 at 9 × 10-6 M (p ＜ 0.01), 3 × 10-5 M, and 9 × 10-5 M (p ＜0.001). Salbutamol induced its spasmolytic effect in a different way, and its maximal effect Emax (less than 30%) was obtained at 9 × 10-6 M, while Emax of both alkaloids (100%) was obtained at 3 × 10-4 M.
Highlights
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae), among others numerous plants, is commonly used, alone or in association with other plants, in African Traditional Medicine
As asthma is a respiratory disorder which is essentially characterized by the restriction of tracheal muscles obstructing the air circulation [4], the tracheal relaxant effect of a crude aqueous-alcoholic extract of the plant root bark was previously shown [5]
Bisnordihydrotoxiferine, a tertiary indole alkaloid isolated from the root of Strychnos divaricans was shown to antagonize acetylcholine-induced contractions in rat uterus and in guineapig ileum [6]; other alkaloids were shown to have spasmolytic effects on guinea-pig isolated trachea contracted by carbachol, histamine, or KCl [7]
Summary
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae), among others numerous plants, is commonly used, alone or in association with other plants, in African Traditional Medicine. As asthma is a respiratory disorder which is essentially characterized by the restriction of tracheal muscles obstructing the air circulation [4], the tracheal relaxant effect of a crude aqueous-alcoholic extract of the plant root bark was previously shown [5]. Bisnordihydrotoxiferine, a tertiary indole alkaloid isolated from the root of Strychnos divaricans was shown to antagonize acetylcholine-induced contractions in rat uterus and in guineapig ileum [6]; other alkaloids were shown to have spasmolytic effects on guinea-pig isolated trachea contracted by carbachol, histamine, or KCl [7]. Alkaloids were isolated from the root bark extract and investigated ex vivo in mice isolated trachea in comparison with a reference bronchodilatator, i.e. salbutamol
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